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MDDQ直流系統接地故障檢測儀

一、概　述

     直(zhi)流系(xi)統接地(di)是一種易發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)且對(dui)電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統危(wei)害較大的故(gu)(gu)障。直(zhi)流系(xi)統正極接地(di)，可(ke)能(neng)造成繼電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)誤動(dong)(dong)，因為(wei)跳(tiao)閘(zha)(zha)線圈接直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)源負極，系(xi)統再(zai)有一點(dian)接地(di)或(huo)絕緣(yuan)不良，可(ke)能(neng)引起保護(hu)誤動(dong)(dong)；直(zhi)流系(xi)統負極接地(di)，系(xi)統再(zai)有一點(dian)接地(di)或(huo)絕緣(yuan)不良，可(ke)將跳(tiao)閘(zha)(zha)回路或(huo)合閘(zha)(zha)回路短(duan)路，造成保護(hu)拒動(dong)(dong)，此時系(xi)統發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)故(gu)(gu)障，保護(hu)的拒動(dong)(dong)必然(ran)導(dao)致系(xi)統事故(gu)(gu)擴大，同(tong)時還可(ke)能(neng)燒壞繼電(dian)(dian)器的觸(chu)點(dian)或(huo)燒保險。

      我公司(si)自主設計制造(zao)的便攜式直流接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)查(cha)找(zhao)儀(yi)，能夠(gou)適用(yong)于(yu)任何電壓等級的直流系統，配備了(le)(le)高精(jing)度的檢(jian)(jian)測鉗表，通過對多種信號的高效(xiao)處理大大提高了(le)(le)檢(jian)(jian)測范圍(wei)與抗干擾能力(li)；采(cai)用(yong)了(le)(le)*計算方法和模糊控制理論，將(jiang)被檢(jian)(jian)測支路的絕(jue)(jue)緣程(cheng)度以絕(jue)(jue)緣指數及波形(xing)的形(xing)式表示(shi)出(chu)來，充(chong)分體(ti)現了(le)(le)人工智(zhi)能的*性；對于(yu)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)點位(wei)置(zhi)的斷定，它們(men)更是擁有準(zhun)確(que)的判斷力(li)，每次檢(jian)(jian)測都能夠(gou)指出(chu)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)點位(wei)置(zhi)相對檢(jian)(jian)測點的方向，從(cong)而快速、準(zhun)確(que)地(di)(di)(di)實現環路接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)檢(jian)(jian)測。除(chu)此之外(wai)，用(yong)戶可以根(gen)據自身系統需要在絕(jue)(jue)緣告警門(men)限值(zhi)范圍(wei)內(nei)訂制合適的絕(jue)(jue)緣告警門(men)限值(zhi)的設備，用(yong)戶只需要將(jiang)鉗表上(shang)的檔位(wei)與檢(jian)(jian)測器上(shang)的量程(cheng)對應起來就能實現直流接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)的檢(jian)(jian)測或者是絕(jue)(jue)緣程(cheng)度的分析(xi)。

      此(ci)儀表(biao)不僅重(zhong)點解決了(le)直(zhi)流系(xi)統間接接地(di)(di)(di)、非金屬(shu)接地(di)(di)(di)、環路接地(di)(di)(di)、正(zheng)負同時接地(di)(di)(di)、正(zheng)負平衡(heng)接地(di)(di)(di)、多(duo)點接地(di)(di)(di)、、等疑難故障的(de)(de)準(zhun)確(que)檢測，并且還能準(zhun)確(que)的(de)(de)顯示系(xi)統電(dian)壓(ya)、對滴(di)電(dian)壓(ya)、接地(di)(di)(di)阻值，，真正(zheng)解決了(le)運(yun)行及檢修人員(yuan)的(de)(de)后顧(gu)之憂。

      本儀(yi)表以系(xi)統安全為(wei)首要前提，按(an)行業標準的高要求，以可靠的低頻信(xin)號方式進行檢測(ce)，并在(zai)現(xian)場進行了大(da)量的實際應用(yong)，對系(xi)統無(wu)任何影響。

MDDQ直流系統接地故障檢測儀

二. 儀表的構成

      該(gai)儀表由信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)發(fa)(fa)生器、故(gu)(gu)障檢(jian)測(ce)器和(he)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)采(cai)集器（鉗表）三部分組成，信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)發(fa)(fa)生器與直(zhi)流系(xi)統(tong)正負(fu)母(mu)線(xian)(xian)和(he)地相連(lian)，當直(zhi)流系(xi)統(tong)出(chu)(chu)現接地故(gu)(gu)障后，它會(hui)自動產生一個低頻(pin)小信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)，故(gu)(gu)障檢(jian)測(ce)器與鉗表獨立于信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)發(fa)(fa)生器，故(gu)(gu)障檢(jian)測(ce)器與鉗表之(zhi)間使用(yong)連(lian)接線(xian)(xian)相連(lian)，通過對待(dai)檢(jian)測(ce)支路(lu)(lu)漏電流信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)的采(cai)集、分析，從(cong)而判斷出(chu)(chu)該(gai)支路(lu)(lu)的絕(jue)緣情況。

三、儀表的工作原理

     定(ding)(ding)位儀(yi)表的(de)(de)工作原(yuan)理是(shi)：當(dang)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)發生接地(di)故障或絕緣降低(整個(ge)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)絕緣電(dian)(dian)阻小(xiao)于(yu)報警(jing)整定(ding)(ding)值)，直流(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)監測儀(yi)表發出警(jing)報時，將信(xin)號(hao)發生器接入(ru)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)正(zheng)、負母線和地(di)之(zhi)間。信(xin)號(hao)發生器自(zi)動(dong)判斷直流(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級，自(zi)動(dong)判斷接地(di)故障的(de)(de)極性、接地(di)程(cheng)度，自(zi)動(dong)分析絕緣監測平(ping)衡(heng)電(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)回路接線方式和平(ping)衡(heng)電(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)電(dian)(dian)阻大小(xiao)，形成(cheng)信(xin)號(hao)輸出的(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)反饋，向直流(liu)(liu)(liu)正(zheng)負母線和地(di)間，發射適宜系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)檢測，對(dui)(dui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)無影響的(de)(de)低頻信(xin)號(hao)，并實(shi)時顯示系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、正(zheng)對(dui)(dui)地(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、負對(dui)(dui)地(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)對(dui)(dui)地(di)絕緣總阻抗。

      故障(zhang)檢(jian)測器檢(jian)測各回路(lu)對地(di)(di)絕緣(yuan)的直流信(xin)號漏(lou)電(dian)流，并模(mo)擬(ni)顯示接(jie)地(di)(di)回路(lu)絕緣(yuan)狀(zhuang)態，判斷出接(jie)地(di)(di)故障(zhang)回路(lu)（支(zhi)路(lu)），并繼(ji)續沿故障(zhang)回路(lu)（支(zhi)路(lu)）檢(jian)測出接(jie)地(di)(di)故障(zhang)，將故障(zhang)點準(zhun)確定位。

       信號發生器、故障(zhang)(zhang)檢(jian)(jian)測器均采用微計算機技術，具有集成(cheng)程度(du)高，判斷速度(du)快，檢(jian)(jian)測靈敏(min)度(du)高、抗干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)能力(li)強、故障(zhang)(zhang)定位(wei)準確(que)等(deng)特點(dian)。在(zai)軟件處理(li)上利用了模糊控制理(li)論和(he)通信的(de)(de)噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)理(li)論，并依據直(zhi)(zhi)流系(xi)統的(de)(de)特點(dian)優化了算法，即使系(xi)統有大分布電容的(de)(de)干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)、電磁脈沖干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)和(he)其它噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)的(de)(de)影響，也能準確(que)地(di)判斷出接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)故障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)，為接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)故障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)查(cha)找提供了有力(li)的(de)(de)保障(zhang)(zhang)。在(zai)硬件上引進*的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)測傳感器，直(zhi)(zhi)流信號檢(jian)(jian)測靈敏(min)度(du)高達0. 1mA，可(ke)檢(jian)(jian)測150K-500K接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)測靈敏(min)度(du)，使多點(dian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)、環路接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)、絕緣普遍降(jiang)低等(deng)難以解(jie)決的(de)(de)問題(ti)迎刃而解(jie)。