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MDDQ直流接地故障測試儀

一(yi)、概　述

 ;    直(zhi)流系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)接(jie)地是一(yi)種易發(fa)生且對電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)危害(hai)較大(da)的故障(zhang)。直(zhi)流系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)正極接(jie)地，可能造(zao)成(cheng)繼電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護誤(wu)動(dong)，因為(wei)跳(tiao)閘線圈接(jie)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)負(fu)極，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)再(zai)(zai)有(you)一(yi)點接(jie)地或(huo)絕緣(yuan)不良(liang)，可能引起保(bao)護誤(wu)動(dong)；直(zhi)流系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)負(fu)極接(jie)地，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)再(zai)(zai)有(you)一(yi)點接(jie)地或(huo)絕緣(yuan)不良(liang)，可將(jiang)跳(tiao)閘回(hui)路(lu)或(huo)合(he)閘回(hui)路(lu)短路(lu)，造(zao)成(cheng)保(bao)護拒動(dong)，此時(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)發(fa)生故障(zhang)，保(bao)護的拒動(dong)必然(ran)導致系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)事故擴大(da)，同時(shi)還可能燒壞繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的觸點或(huo)燒保(bao)險(xian)。

      我公司自(zi)主設計制造的(de)(de)(de)(de)便攜式直流接地(di)(di)查找儀，能(neng)(neng)夠適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)任何電壓等級的(de)(de)(de)(de)直流系統，配備了(le)(le)高(gao)精度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)鉗表(biao)，通過對(dui)多種信號的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)效處(chu)理(li)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提高(gao)了(le)(le)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)范圍與抗干擾(rao)能(neng)(neng)力；采用(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)*計算方法和模糊控制理(li)論，將被檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)支路的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)程度(du)(du)(du)以絕緣(yuan)(yuan)指(zhi)數(shu)及波形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式表(biao)示出來(lai)，充分體現了(le)(le)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)*性；對(dui)于(yu)接地(di)(di)點(dian)位置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)斷定(ding)，它(ta)們更(geng)是擁有(you)準確的(de)(de)(de)(de)判斷力，每次檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)都能(neng)(neng)夠指(zhi)出接地(di)(di)點(dian)位置(zhi)相對(dui)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方向，從而快速(su)、準確地(di)(di)實現環路接地(di)(di)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)。除此(ci)之外(wai)，用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)可以根據自(zi)身(shen)系統需要(yao)在絕緣(yuan)(yuan)告警門(men)限(xian)值范圍內訂(ding)制合(he)適的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)告警門(men)限(xian)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)設備，用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)只需要(yao)將鉗表(biao)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)檔位與檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)器上的(de)(de)(de)(de)量程對(dui)應起(qi)來(lai)就能(neng)(neng)實現直流接地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)或者(zhe)是絕緣(yuan)(yuan)程度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分析。

      此(ci)儀表(biao)不(bu)僅重點(dian)解決(jue)了(le)直流系統間(jian)接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)地(di)、非金(jin)屬接(jie)(jie)地(di)、環路接(jie)(jie)地(di)、正(zheng)負(fu)同時接(jie)(jie)地(di)、正(zheng)負(fu)平衡(heng)接(jie)(jie)地(di)、多(duo)點(dian)接(jie)(jie)地(di)、、等疑難故障(zhang)的(de)準確檢測，并且(qie)還能準確的(de)顯(xian)示系統電壓(ya)、對滴電壓(ya)、接(jie)(jie)地(di)阻(zu)值，，真正(zheng)解決(jue)了(le)運(yun)行及檢修人員(yuan)的(de)后顧之憂。

      本儀表(biao)以(yi)系統安全為首要前提，按(an)行業標準的高要求(qiu)，以(yi)可靠的低頻信(xin)號方(fang)式進行檢測，并(bing)在現場(chang)進行了大(da)量的實際(ji)應用，對(dui)系統無(wu)任何影(ying)響。

MDDQ直流接地故障測試儀

二. 儀表的構(gou)成

      該(gai)儀表(biao)由(you)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)發生器、故(gu)(gu)障檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)器和(he)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)采(cai)集器（鉗(qian)表(biao)）三部分組成(cheng)，信(xin)號(hao)(hao)發生器與(yu)直流(liu)(liu)系統(tong)正負(fu)母線和(he)地相(xiang)連(lian)，當直流(liu)(liu)系統(tong)出現接地故(gu)(gu)障后(hou)，它會自(zi)動(dong)產生一(yi)個(ge)低頻(pin)小信(xin)號(hao)(hao)，故(gu)(gu)障檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)器與(yu)鉗(qian)表(biao)獨立于信(xin)號(hao)(hao)發生器，故(gu)(gu)障檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)器與(yu)鉗(qian)表(biao)之間使用連(lian)接線相(xiang)連(lian)，通過對(dui)待(dai)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)支路(lu)漏電(dian)流(liu)(liu)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)的采(cai)集、分析，從而(er)判斷出該(gai)支路(lu)的絕(jue)緣情(qing)況。

三、儀(yi)表的工作原理(li)

     定位儀表(biao)的(de)工作原理是：當直流(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)發(fa)生(sheng)接地(di)(di)(di)故(gu)障或絕(jue)緣(yuan)降(jiang)低(di)(整個直流(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)小(xiao)于(yu)報警(jing)整定值)，直流(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)電(dian)壓(ya)監測儀表(biao)發(fa)出(chu)警(jing)報時(shi)，將信(xin)號發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)接入(ru)直流(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)正、負(fu)母(mu)線和(he)地(di)(di)(di)之間(jian)。信(xin)號發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)自動(dong)判斷直流(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)電(dian)壓(ya)等級，自動(dong)判斷接地(di)(di)(di)故(gu)障的(de)極性、接地(di)(di)(di)程度，自動(dong)分析絕(jue)緣(yuan)監測平(ping)衡電(dian)橋回(hui)路接線方式和(he)平(ping)衡電(dian)橋電(dian)阻(zu)大小(xiao)，形成(cheng)信(xin)號輸出(chu)的(de)智能反饋，向直流(liu)正負(fu)母(mu)線和(he)地(di)(di)(di)間(jian)，發(fa)射適(shi)宜系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)檢(jian)測，對(dui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)無影響(xiang)的(de)低(di)頻(pin)信(xin)號，并實時(shi)顯示系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)電(dian)壓(ya)、正對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)電(dian)壓(ya)、負(fu)對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)電(dian)壓(ya)和(he)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)絕(jue)緣(yuan)總阻(zu)抗。

      故障檢測器(qi)檢測各回路(lu)對地(di)絕緣(yuan)的(de)直(zhi)流信號漏電(dian)流，并模(mo)擬(ni)顯(xian)示接(jie)地(di)回路(lu)絕緣(yuan)狀態，判斷出接(jie)地(di)故障回路(lu)（支(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)），并繼續沿(yan)故障回路(lu)（支(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)）檢測出接(jie)地(di)故障，將故障點準(zhun)確定位。

       信號發(fa)生(sheng)器、故(gu)障檢(jian)測(ce)器均采(cai)用微計算機(ji)技(ji)術，具有集成程度高(gao)，判(pan)斷速度快，檢(jian)測(ce)靈敏(min)度高(gao)、抗(kang)干擾(rao)能力強、故(gu)障定位準確(que)等特點。在(zai)軟(ruan)件處(chu)理上利(li)用了模糊控制理論(lun)和通信的(de)(de)(de)噪聲(sheng)理論(lun)，并依據直(zhi)(zhi)流系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)特點優化(hua)了算法，即使(shi)系(xi)統有大分(fen)布電(dian)(dian)容的(de)(de)(de)干擾(rao)、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)脈沖干擾(rao)和其它噪聲(sheng)干擾(rao)的(de)(de)(de)影響，也能準確(que)地(di)判(pan)斷出接(jie)地(di)故(gu)障點，為接(jie)地(di)故(gu)障的(de)(de)(de)查(cha)找提供了有力的(de)(de)(de)保障。在(zai)硬件上引進*的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)傳感器，直(zhi)(zhi)流信號檢(jian)測(ce)靈敏(min)度高(gao)達0. 1mA，可檢(jian)測(ce)150K-500K接(jie)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)靈敏(min)度，使(shi)多點接(jie)地(di)、環路(lu)接(jie)地(di)、絕緣(yuan)普遍降低等難以解決的(de)(de)(de)問題迎刃而解。